Silk Carpet with Arabesques in The Victoria and Albert Museum in London
Silk Carpet with Arabesques – A Masterpiece of 17th-Century Persian Weaving
Origin & Historical Significance
This exquisite silk carpet, originating from Central Persia in the early 17th century, is a remarkable example of Persian artistry and craftsmanship. Currently housed in the prestigious Victoria and Albert Museum in London, it stands as a testament to the luxurious textile traditions of the Safavid dynasty, a golden age for Persian carpet weaving.
Specifications & Craftsmanship
- Dimensions: 259 x 145 cm (102 x 57 in.)
- Knot Type: Persian knot
- Knot Density: 400,000 knots per square meter (approximately 298 knots per square inch)
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Materials:
- Warp: Silk
- Weft: Silk
- Pile: Silk, with embellishments of gold and silver thread
The high knot density and the use of silk, combined with precious metal threads, indicate that this carpet was a luxury item, possibly commissioned for royalty or nobility. The delicate arabesque patterns and shimmering metallic details enhance its regal presence, making it one of the most visually striking carpets of its era.
The ‘Polonaise’ Misnomer
This particular piece belongs to the renowned category of ‘Polonaise’ carpets, a term that arose due to a historical misattribution. In 1878, several 17th-century Persian rugs from the collection of Polish Prince Czartoryski were displayed at a universal exhibition. At the time, it was mistakenly believed that these carpets originated from Polish manufactories, which were active in the 17th and 18th centuries. This led to their incorrect classification as "Polonaise" carpets.
However, by 1891, the grand Vienna Carpet Exhibition brought greater clarity to the origins of these masterpieces. Scholars and collectors identified that these rugs were, in fact, of Iranian (Persian) origin, woven in the grand tradition of Safavid Persia. Despite this correction, the term "Polonaise" has persisted in the art world to this day.
A Debate on Its Exact Origin
While experts agree that this silk carpet is of Persian origin, its precise place of manufacture remains a subject of debate. The renowned art historian Arthur Upham Pope (Pl. 1252) suggested that this particular carpet may have been woven in Joshagan, a city known for its fine Persian rugs. However, its design differs from other carpets traditionally classified within the ‘Polonaise’ group, adding an element of mystery to its history.
Conclusion
This silk carpet with arabesques is more than just a textile; it is a masterpiece of Persian art, reflecting the ingenuity and sophistication of 17th-century Persian weavers. The harmonious blend of silk, gold, and silver, along with its intricate arabesque patterns, showcases the peak of Safavid-era craftsmanship. Today, it continues to captivate audiences, standing as an iconic representation of Persian luxury and artistic excellence.