The Majestic Persian Rug from North Persia: A Masterpiece of 16th-Century Artistry

One of the most exquisite and historically significant Persian rugs in existence is the North Persian masterpiece created during the years 1522-1523. This remarkable rug, now part of the collection of the Museo Poldi-Pezzoli in Milan, is an extraordinary testament to the craftsmanship and artistry of Persian weavers.

Dimensions and Construction

Measuring an impressive 692 x 360 cm (272 x 142 inches), this rug showcases an incredible level of detail and precision. The craftsmanship is evident in its knotting technique: Persian knots at an astonishing density of 68,800 knots per square meter (367 knots per square inch). This translates to 79 knots per 10 cm across the width and 72 knots per 10 cm along the length.

The warp and weft are made of yellow silk, adding to its luxurious quality, while the wool pile is enriched with gilt threads, giving the rug a radiant, golden appearance. The combination of these premium materials and expert weaving techniques highlights the superior skills of the artisans who brought this rug to life.

Unique Animal Motifs and Intricate Design

What sets this rug apart from others of the same period is its intricate animal motifs and exceptional design elements. The central medallion features a mesmerizing arrangement of flowers, arabesques, and eight birds, all encircling a rosette. Adding a celestial touch, the medallion is further embellished with flowing cloud bands, creating a sense of movement and harmony.

Above and below the central medallion, two kneeling winged figures can be seen, each crowned by a large ornamental vase. The surrounding field is a feast for the eyes, filled with golden trees rooted at the base by pairs of tigers and dragons. Amid the branches of these trees, bears and birds coexist, adding layers of complexity to the composition.

The main field features a dynamic pattern of small flower heads and palmettes. Among these floral details, an epic scene unfolds—lions ferociously attacking dragons, capturing the viewer’s imagination with its dramatic intensity. The corners of the rug are adorned with motifs resembling large tchi forms, further emphasizing the intricacy and creativity of the design.

Borders of Elegance and Poetry

The rug’s border is as captivating as the central field, composed of three distinct bands. The inner band carries gilt inscriptions, which reveal the rug’s regal heritage. These inscriptions indicate that the carpet was created for the "Darius of the World," a title likely referring to Shah Tahmasp I, one of the most influential Safavid rulers of Persia (1524–1576).

Adding to its literary richness, the border also features poetry, weaving verses into its very fabric and elevating it to a work of cultural and artistic significance.

The main border showcases grand arabesques interspersed with lively depictions of animals. Among these, lions can be seen in pursuit of various prey, including an ibex and a hare, both in crouching positions. Another mysterious brown animal appears, following the lion, further contributing to the narrative quality of the design.

A Masterpiece of History and Craftsmanship

This North Persian rug stands as an extraordinary example of Persian artistry and storytelling. Every knot, thread, and motif speaks of a rich cultural heritage and the incredible skill of the weavers who created it. With its luxurious materials, breathtaking designs, and poetic inscriptions, this rug is not just a piece of decor—it is a historic treasure that encapsulates the grandeur and sophistication of Persian art during the Safavid dynasty.

Visitors to the Museo Poldi-Pezzoli in Milan can witness this magnificent creation up close, marveling at its timeless beauty and the unparalleled craftsmanship that has preserved its allure for centuries.

This Persian rug, with its dynamic animal patterns, intricate floral motifs, and poetic inscriptions, is a true masterpiece—a symbol of Persia’s artistic legacy and its enduring influence on the world of textiles and design.

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