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Rug weaving relies on looms that stretch warp threads for knotting and weaving, with two main types:

Horizontal Looms: Portable and used by nomadic groups like the Kashgais and Turkomans.

Vertical Looms: More complex, used by settled artisans, with three types:

• Village Loom: Simple design with adjustable warp threads.
• Tabriz Loom: Continuously loops warp threads for efficient weaving.
• Roller Beam Loom: Advanced, allowing rugs of any length with uniform tension.

Each loom type influences the size, detail, and craftsmanship of the final rug.